Ailleurs et autrement

Le réseau des services de santé mentale est en constante évolution. Il est passé d'un modèle relativement simple à un réseau de service complexe, incomplet, à idéologie multiple et aux résultats incertains qu'il convient maintenant de réviser. Commentant le contexte de l'élaboration de la politique de santé mentale, les auteurs décrivent ensuite une expérience de diversification et de sous régionalisation des services de santé mentale dans la région de Montréal. Après une description de la situation, des objectifs visés, du mode d'organisation et des sous-régions, les auteurs identifient les principaux problèmes rencontrés, les enjeux et des perspectives d'action. Ils font ainsi connaître les particularités et les réalités différentes qui constituent le grand Montréal.The network of mental health services is constantly in movement. From a relatively simple model it has become a complex service with a multiple ideology, its results are indetermined and have now to be revised. While commenting on the elaboration of a politic in mental health, the authors describe an experience where the mental health services in a Montreal region were diversified and reorganised in sub-regions. They then give an idea of the situation, the arms hoped for, the organisational mode, and the sub-regions; the main problems encountered are identified as well as the stakes and the areas of action. They uncover the particularities and the different realities that are the mainstay of the Greater Montreal

The ostium primum or partial atrioventricular septal defect

peer reviewedaudience: researcher, professional, studentOften assimilated to simple inter-atrial communication, the ostium primum, or partial atrio-ventricular septal defect, is an entity that is characterized by a different embryological mechanism and requires some specific surgical expertise. Basically, knowledge of the morphology of the common atrioventricular valve with 5 components, the topography of the A-V node and His bundle, and the ventricular consequences of the absence of atrio-ventricular septal structures must be taken into account

Emergency Room Use by Undocumented Mexican Immigrants

This study examined emergency room use by undocumented Mexican immigrants and their sources of health care information. Thirty-eight percent of the respondents reported that they would use a hospital emergency room (ER) for primary medical care. ER use rates declined with time spent in the United States. Emergency room use rates varied significantly by region. Respondents receiving information from a church reported less ER use, compared to all others; respondents receiving information from U.S. newspapers reported higher ER use rates. Lack of health care access for undocumented immigrants remains a public health issue as well as a social justice concern

A Simulation-Based Approach for Evaluating Cost and Performance of a Sediment Removal and Processing System for the Lower Susquehanna River Dams

A series of three major dams and reservoirs located along the Lower Susquehanna River have historically acted as a system of sediment and nutrient pollution traps.  However, episodic pulses of these pollution loads are released following short-term extreme storm events, affecting subaquatic vegetation, benthic organisms, and the overall water quality in the Upper Chesapeake Bay.  In addition, all three reservoirs have reached a state of near maximum storage capacity termed as dynamic equilibrium.  Based on prior research, this study seeks to reduce the sediment buildup behind the dams through a sediment removal and processing operation, and thereby reduce the ecological impact of major storms.  A set of scour performance curves derived from a regression analysis, and a stochastic lifecycle cost model were used to evaluate the sediment scouring reduction and economic feasibility of three processing alternatives:  Plasma Vitrification, Cement-Lock, and Quarry/Landfill, and three removal amount cases:  Nominal, Moderate, and Maximum.  Since the scour performance curves treat the dams as static, a fluid system dynamics model was used to determine if the dynamic interaction between the capacitance of the dams during major scouring events is negligible or considerable.  A utility vs. cost analysis factoring in time, performance, and suitability of the alternatives indicates that a Cement-Lock processing plant at moderate dredging for the Safe Harbor and Conowingo Dams is the most cost-performance effective solution

Analytical and practical analysis of frictional-kinetic model for dense and dilute gas-solid flows

In granular flows, when the solid volume fraction is large, the dynamic behaviour of particles becomes controlled by frictional effects. Theoretically these effects can not be taken into account in an Eulerian approach, based on the kinetic theory of granular flows, because the inter-particle contact times are long. However, in the literature several empirical models have been proposed which introduce a frictional pressure and viscosity. In the paper, these models are first compared on a simple case of sheared dense granular flows in order to analyze the individual behavior of each model. Second, the models have been implemented in an Eulerian solver and numerical simulations have been performed of an experiment of bin discharge. The results show that for large diameter, the solid mass flow rate is well predicted, while it is systematically underestimated when the ratio between the injector diameter and the diameter of particles is small

Caractérisation expérimentale de la dispersion d'un pseudo-polluant d'usinage

Dans le cadre du développement d'une méthode numérique de conception des captages de polluants sur machines d'usinage, un banc d'essai recréant une situation similaire à une opération de meulage est utilisé. Le jet de polluant particulaire obtenu est caractérisé par la vélocimétrie par suivi de particules (PTV) afin d'obtenir des données d'entrée et de validation pour les simulations numériques. Ensuite, le traçage gazeux par SF6 est utilisé pour mesurer la concentration des plus fines particules. Nous présentons ici ces résultats expérimentaux, ainsi que le banc d'essai réalisé

Eulerian modelling of the powder discharge of a silo: Attempting to shed some light on the origin of jet expansion

Powder discharging from a silo provokes an emission of dust. To understand and prevent this source of danger,3D simulations of a silo dischargewere performed using an Euler-Euler approach. The impact of the coupling between the flow inside the silo and the granular jet in free-fall is analyzed. Results show that the solid mass flow rate is correctly predicted and that gas back-flowing at the hopper exhaust appears responsible for the formation of a fluctuating and radially expanding jet. However, the radial expansion of the free-falling jet is underestimated. Stochastic fluctuations of the particles velocity at the hopper exhaust are introduced to evaluate their effect on the downstream development of the free-falling jet. These fluctuations are found capable of generating a development of the jet similar to that observed experimentally. This suggests that the granular flow conditions at the hopper exhaust are responsible for the further dispersion of powder

Mutation of the palmitoylation site of estrogen receptor alpha in vivo reveals tissue-specific roles for membrane versus nuclear actions

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) activation functions AF-1 and AF-2 classically mediate gene transcription in response to estradiol (E2). A fraction of ERalpha is targeted to plasma membrane and elicits membrane-initiated steroid signaling (MISS), but the physiological roles of MISS in vivo are poorly understood. We therefore generated a mouse with a point mutation of the palmitoylation site of ERalpha (C451A-ERalpha) to obtain membrane-specific loss of function of ERalpha. The abrogation of membrane localization of ERalpha in vivo was confirmed in primary hepatocytes, and it resulted in female infertility with abnormal ovaries lacking corpora lutea and increase in luteinizing hormone levels. In contrast, E2 action in the uterus was preserved in C451A-ERalpha mice and endometrial epithelial proliferation was similar to wild type. However, E2 vascular actions such as rapid dilatation, acceleration of endothelial repair, and endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation were abrogated in C451A-ERalpha mice. A complementary mutant mouse lacking the transactivation function AF-2 of ERalpha (ERalpha-AF2(0)) provided selective loss of function of nuclear ERalpha actions. In ERalpha-AF2(0), the acceleration of endothelial repair in response to estrogen-dendrimer conjugate, which is a membrane-selective ER ligand, was unaltered, demonstrating integrity of MISS actions. In genome-wide analysis of uterine gene expression, the vast majority of E2-dependent gene regulation was abrogated in ERalpha-AF2(0), whereas in C451A-ERalpha it was nearly fully preserved, indicating that membrane-to-nuclear receptor cross-talk in vivo is modest in the uterus. Thus, this work genetically segregated membrane versus nuclear actions of a steroid hormone receptor and demonstrated their in vivo tissue-specific roles

Genetic variation in target-site resistance to pyrethroids and pirimicarb in Tunisian populations of the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Charaabi, K., Boukhris-Bouhachem, S., Makni, M., Fenton, B. and Denholm, I. (2016), 'Genetic variation in target-site resistance to pyrethroids and pirimicarb in Tunisian populations of the peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)', Pest. Manag. Sci., 72: 2313–2320, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.4276. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.BACKGROUND We used molecular assays to diagnose resistance to pyrethroids and pirimicarb in samples of Myzus persicae from field crops or an insect suction trap in Tunisia. Genotypes for resistance loci were related to ones for polymorphic microsatellite loci in order to investigate breeding systems and patterns of genetic diversity, and to inform resistance management tactics. RESULTS The kdr mutation L1014F conferring pyrethroid resistance was found in all samples. The M918T s-kdr mutation also occurred in most samples, but only in conjunction with kdr. We discovered a previously unreported genotype heterozygous for L1014F but homozygous for M918T. Samples with modified acetylcholinesterase (MACE) conferring resistance to pirimicarb were less common but widespread. 16% of samples contained both the kdr and MACE mutations. Many unique microsatellite genotypes were found, suggesting that M. persicae is holocyclic in Tunisia. There were no consistent associations between resistance and microsatellite markers. CONCLUSION This first study of insecticide resistance in M. persicae in North Africa showed genetic variation in insecticide resistance within microsatellite multilocus genotypes (MLGMs) and the same resistance mechanisms to be present in different MLGMs. This contrasts with variation in northern Europe where M. persicae is fully anholocyclic. Implications for selection and control strategies are discussed. © 2016 Society of Chemical IndustryPeer reviewe

Le Forum, Vol. 44 #3

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/francoamericain_forum/1105/thumbnail.jp